/* One source of truth for the accepted homepage navigation, logo and footer. */
@import url("./top-page/styles.css?v=9e488f815e63");

/* Lower pages use a pure-white editorial surface and a larger reading scale. */
body.lower-page { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.95; }
body.lower-page .site-header.site-chrome,
body.lower-page .site-footer.site-chrome { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; }
body.lower-page .site-header a,
body.lower-page .site-footer a { color: inherit; }
body.lower-page .site-header .language-switch .is-current { color: var(--accent-light); }
body.lower-page .site-header a:hover,
body.lower-page .site-footer a:hover { color: var(--accent-light); }
.lower-page .skip-link { font-size: 16px; }
.lower-reading-main a { color: var(--accent-ink); text-underline-offset: .23em; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
.lower-reading-main a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
.section-anchor-alias { display: block; position: relative; scroll-margin-top: 0; }

/* Open page title and four chapter links. */
.lower-shell-hero { width: min(calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2), var(--max-width)); margin-inline: auto; padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 36px); }
.lower-shell-hero__copy { min-width: 0; }
.breadcrumbs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 12px; align-items: baseline; margin-bottom: 28px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }
.breadcrumb-separator { color: #849198; }
.breadcrumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 12px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.breadcrumbs li { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; }
.breadcrumbs li + li::before { content: "/"; color: #849198; }
.breadcrumbs a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.breadcrumbs a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); text-decoration: underline; }
.lower-shell-hero__heading { position: relative; padding-top: 24px; }
.lower-shell-hero__heading::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 56px; height: 3px; background: var(--accent); pointer-events: none; }
.lower-shell-hero h1 { max-width: 1250px; font-size: clamp(52px, 6vw, 96px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -.045em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; text-wrap: balance; }
.lower-shell-hero h1.is-long-title { font-size: clamp(46px, 4.7vw, 76px); }
.lower-shell-hero__lead { max-width: 980px; margin-top: 28px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.9; }
.lower-shell-hero__meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 18px; margin-top: 26px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .12em; line-height: 1.6; }
.lower-shell-hero__meta span + span { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding-left: 18px; }
.lower-shell-nav { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 32px; padding-bottom: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.lower-shell-nav a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 24px; gap: 8px 18px; align-content: start; min-height: 82px; padding: 6px 30px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.lower-shell-nav a:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.lower-shell-nav a:last-child { padding-right: 0; }
.lower-shell-nav a + a { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.lower-shell-nav span { grid-column: 1 / -1; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; }
.lower-shell-nav strong { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.7; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-shell-nav i { align-self: center; font-style: normal; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1; }
.lower-shell-nav a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }

/* Readable longform layout; sections stay available without JavaScript. */
.content-panel--structured { width: min(calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2), var(--max-width)); margin-inline: auto; padding: 52px 0 96px; }
.lower-reading-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 250px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 56px; align-items: start; }
.lower-reading-rail { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-height) + 30px); min-width: 0; max-height: calc(100svh - var(--header-height) - 60px); overflow-y: auto; padding-right: 24px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); scrollbar-width: thin; }
.lower-reading-rail__label { margin-bottom: 18px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .12em; line-height: 1.6; }
.lower-reading-rail nav { display: grid; gap: 4px; }
.lower-reading-rail a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 25px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; align-items: baseline; min-height: 48px; padding: 10px 0 10px 12px; border-left: 3px solid transparent; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
.lower-reading-rail a span { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 13px; }
.lower-reading-rail a strong { font-weight: 500; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-rail a:focus-visible { outline-offset: -2px; }
.lower-reading-rail a:hover,
.lower-reading-rail a[aria-current="location"] { border-left-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }
.lower-reading-rail a[aria-current="location"] strong { font-weight: 600; }
.lower-reading-main { min-width: 0; counter-reset: lower-chapter; }
.lower-section, .iono-section { position: relative; min-width: 0; padding: 44px 0 48px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); scroll-margin-top: 0; counter-increment: lower-chapter; }
.lower-reading-main > .lower-section:first-of-type,
.lower-reading-main > .iono-section:first-of-type { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.lower-section:not(.research-viewpoint):not(.research-fields):not(.lower-section--process):not(.research-related-visual) { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 26px; }
.lower-section__number { padding-top: 3px; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 29px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.05em; line-height: 1.5; }
.lower-section__body { min-width: 0; }
.lower-reading-main h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; font-size: clamp(28px, 2.8vw, 44px); line-height: 1.45; letter-spacing: -.025em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main h3 { margin-top: 28px; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.55; letter-spacing: -.015em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main h4 { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.6; }
.lower-reading-main p { max-width: 850px; margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.lower-reading-main ul, .lower-reading-main ol { margin-block: 18px 22px; padding-left: 1.5em; }
.lower-reading-main li { padding-left: .2em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main li + li { margin-top: 12px; }
.lower-reading-main dl { margin-block: 20px; }
.lower-reading-main hr { margin-block: 32px; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.lower-reading-main blockquote, .callout { margin: 26px 0; padding: 18px 24px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); background: #f0f7f8; }
.lower-reading-main pre { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; padding: 24px; border: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; }
.lower-reading-main code { font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
.lower-reading-main th, .lower-reading-main td { padding: 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
.lower-reading-main th { font-weight: 600; }
.table-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; overscroll-behavior-inline: contain; }
.policy-updated { margin-bottom: 30px !important; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.policy-updated strong { font-weight: 500; }
.lower-cta-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px 24px; margin-top: 28px; }
.lower-page .button { min-height: 58px; max-width: 100%; padding: 14px 22px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
.lower-page .button-primary { border: 1px solid var(--accent-ink); background: var(--accent-ink); color: var(--paper); }
.lower-page .button-primary:hover { border-color: var(--ink); background: var(--ink); }
.button-secondary { border: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink); }
.button-secondary:hover { border-color: var(--accent-ink); color: var(--accent-ink); }
.lower-reading-main .link-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 34px; margin: 20px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.lower-reading-main .link-list li { min-width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.link-list a { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 22px; min-height: 70px; padding: 18px 0; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; }
.link-list a::after { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 3px; border-top: 1px solid currentColor; border-right: 1px solid currentColor; content: ""; transform: rotate(45deg); }
.link-list a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }
.page-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 36px; }
.page-card { padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-card h3 { margin-top: 0; }

/* Publications, dates, definitions and scientific figure captions. */
.lower-reading-main .publication-list { margin: 26px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.publication-list li { margin: 0 !important; padding: 26px 0 28px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-list li:first-child { border-top-color: var(--accent); }
.publication-list__meta { display: block; margin-bottom: 9px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }
.publication-list h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: clamp(24px, 2vw, 30px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.publication-list p { margin: 6px 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; }
.publication-list a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.lower-reading-main .news-list { margin: 24px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.news-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 125px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px 24px; margin: 0 !important; padding: 26px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-list time { grid-column: 1; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 16px; }
.news-list__type { grid-column: 1; color: var(--accent-ink); font-size: 14px; }
.news-list h3 { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; margin: 0; font-size: 23px; }
.news-list p { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
.news-list p:last-child { grid-row: 3; }
.glossary-grid { padding-top: 2px; }
.glossary-grid h3 { margin: 26px 0 12px; padding-top: 26px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.glossary-grid h3:first-child { margin-top: 0; border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.company-facts { margin: 26px 0 !important; }
.company-facts > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; padding: 24px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.company-facts dt { font-weight: 600; }
.company-facts dd { margin: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.figure-gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 44px 32px; margin-top: 26px; }
.figure-gallery figure { min-width: 0; }
.figure-gallery img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; background: var(--dark); }
.figure-gallery figcaption { margin-top: 16px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; }
.figure-gallery figcaption strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 7px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; }
.figure-gallery figcaption span { display: block; }

/* Rich research index: open image/text rows rather than nested cards. */
.lower-section__header { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.lower-section__kicker { margin: 0 0 12px !important; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .09em; line-height: 1.6; }
.lower-section__header h2 { margin: 0; }
.lower-section__header h2::before,
.research-related-visual h2::before,
.iono-section h2::before { display: inline-block; margin-right: 22px; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: .7em; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.035em; content: counter(lower-chapter, decimal-leading-zero); }
.lower-section__lead { max-width: 900px !important; }
.topic-card-grid { display: grid; gap: 0; margin-top: 28px; }
.topic-card { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-rows: auto auto; gap: 10px 24px; min-width: 0; padding: 26px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-card:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-card__media { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / 3; align-self: center; min-width: 0; }
.topic-card__media img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: cover; }
.topic-card h3 { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; align-self: end; margin: 0; font-size: 24px; }
.topic-card h3 a { display: block; padding-right: 28px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.topic-card h3 a::after { position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 34px; width: 12px; height: 12px; border-top: 1px solid currentColor; border-right: 1px solid currentColor; content: ""; transform: rotate(45deg); }
.topic-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }
.topic-card p { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; align-self: start; margin: 0; padding-right: 25px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.9; }
.process-timeline { display: grid; gap: 0; margin-top: 28px; }
.process-timeline__item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); padding: 26px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.process-timeline__item h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 25px; }
.process-timeline__item p { margin: 0; font-size: 17px; }
.lower-reading-main .iono-related-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
.iono-related-list li { border-bottom: 0 !important; }
.link-list .related-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr) 28px; grid-template-rows: auto auto; gap: 4px 26px; min-height: 130px; padding: 22px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.related-card__media { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / 3; align-self: center; }
.related-card__media img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: cover; }
.related-card strong { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; align-self: end; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 600; }
.related-card small { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 13px; }
.related-card i { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1 / 3; align-self: center; font-size: 25px; font-style: normal; }
.link-list .related-card::after { display: none; }

/* Ionosphere: retain the original concept images, atlas cuts and labels. */
.iono-section__header { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.iono-section__header p { max-width: 900px; margin-bottom: 0; }
.iono-section--scope { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; align-items: start; }
.iono-section--scope > .section-anchor-alias { position: absolute; }
.iono-section__copy { min-width: 0; }
.iono-section__copy p { font-size: 17px; }
.iono-altitude-card { position: relative; min-height: 490px; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: var(--dark); }
.iono-generated-visual { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; pointer-events: none; user-select: none; }
.iono-generated-visual--scope { object-fit: contain; object-position: center bottom; }
.iono-altitude-card::before { position: absolute; z-index: 1; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2, 7, 17, .48), rgba(2, 7, 17, .12) 52%, rgba(2, 7, 17, .38)), linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2, 7, 17, .08), rgba(2, 7, 17, .42)); content: ""; pointer-events: none; }
.iono-altitude-axis { position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 36px; bottom: 36px; left: 28px; display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto repeat(4, 1fr); width: 86px; padding-left: 16px; border-left: 1px solid #8c9aa8; color: #e9f0f6; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; }
.iono-altitude-axis i { align-self: center; font-style: normal; }
.iono-altitude-layers { position: absolute; z-index: 2; inset: 42px 28px 46px 126px; }
.iono-layer { position: absolute; left: 8%; right: 2%; display: grid; place-items: center start; min-height: 82px; padding: 14px 18px; border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-light); background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 228, 222, .28), rgba(2, 7, 17, .5)); color: #f8fbff; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; }
.iono-layer small { color: var(--accent-light); font-size: 13px; }
.iono-layer--plasma { top: 6%; border-left-color: #b499ff; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(154, 114, 255, .28), rgba(2, 7, 17, .48)); }
.iono-layer--iono { top: 34%; min-height: 132px; }
.iono-layer--neutral { bottom: 8%; border-left-color: #ffd267; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 210, 103, .28), rgba(2, 7, 17, .5)); }
.iono-field-lines, .iono-gnss-path, .iono-disturbance-wave { position: absolute; display: block; pointer-events: none; }
.iono-field-lines { inset: 12% 4% 18% 18%; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 228, 222, .42); border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; border-radius: 50% 50% 0 0; transform: rotate(-12deg); }
.iono-gnss-path { top: 16%; right: 18%; bottom: 22%; width: 2px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, #f7fbff, var(--accent-light), transparent); transform: rotate(28deg); }
.iono-disturbance-wave { right: 8%; bottom: 27%; width: 48%; height: 42px; border-top: 3px solid rgba(255, 74, 163, .78); border-radius: 50%; }
.iono-notice { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 22px 26px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); background: #f0f7f8; }
.iono-notice strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 18px; }
.iono-notice p { max-width: none; margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
.lower-reading-main .iono-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px 24px; margin: 20px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.iono-tags li { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 14px; }
.iono-tags li::before { display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-right: 8px; background: currentColor; content: ""; vertical-align: middle; }
.iono-tags__wind { color: #235b91 !important; }
.iono-tags__wave { color: #9d2e6b !important; }
.iono-observation-layout { display: grid; gap: 36px; min-width: 0; }
.iono-matrix { border-top: 1px solid var(--accent); }
.lower-reading-main .iono-matrix-legend { max-width: none; margin: 16px 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; }
.matrix-mark { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.matrix-mark-label { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.iono-matrix table { display: table; min-width: 900px; table-layout: fixed; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; }
.iono-matrix tr { display: table-row; }
.iono-matrix th, .iono-matrix td { display: table-cell; padding: 16px 10px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.iono-matrix thead th { color: var(--accent-ink); font-weight: 600; text-align: center; }
.iono-matrix thead tr:first-child th:first-child { width: 16%; }
.iono-matrix thead tr:first-child th:nth-child(2) { width: 27%; }
.iono-matrix tbody td[data-label] { text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; }
.obs-name { display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 7px; min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.obs-name::before { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: currentColor; border-radius: 50%; content: ""; }
.obs-name--leo { color: #235b91; }
.obs-name--mag { color: #9d2e6b; }
.obs-name--context { color: #846100; }
.dot { display: inline-block; width: 11px; height: 11px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--accent-ink); }
.dot--leo { background: #235b91; }
.dot--mag { background: #9d2e6b; }
.dot--context { background: #846100; }
.dash { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--muted); }
.iono-geometry-panel { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: start; gap: 20px 28px; padding-top: 28px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.iono-geometry-panel h3 { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: 0; }
.iono-geometry-visual { position: relative; min-height: 0; aspect-ratio: 1672 / 941; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: var(--dark); }
.iono-generated-visual--geometry { object-fit: contain; object-position: center; }
.iono-geometry-list { margin: 0 !important; }
.iono-geometry-list > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 70px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.iono-geometry-list > div:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.iono-geometry-list dt { color: var(--accent-ink); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
.iono-geometry-list dd { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; }
.lower-reading-main .iono-workflow { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; margin: 30px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.iono-workflow__item { display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto auto minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; min-width: 0; margin: 0 !important; padding: 20px 0 0 !important; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.process-label { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.45; }
.iono-workflow__item p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.9; }
.workflow-visual { min-width: 0; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1799 / 3496; align-self: start; background-image: url("images/ionosphere-workflow-atlas-gpt-v2.png?v=20260709b"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 400% 100%; }
.workflow-visual--coverage { background-position: 0% center; }
.workflow-visual--timeline { background-position: 33.333% center; }
.workflow-visual--geometry { background-position: 66.666% center; }
.workflow-visual--careful { background-position: 100% center; }
.iono-figure-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 36px 28px; }
.iono-figure-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; min-width: 0; padding: 24px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.figure-visual { min-height: 0; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; align-self: start; background-image: url("images/ionosphere-figure-atlas-gpt-v2.png?v=20260709b"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 200% 200%; }
.figure-visual--series { background-position: 0% 0%; }
.figure-visual--map { background-position: 100% 0%; }
.figure-visual--geometry { background-position: 0% 100%; }
.figure-visual--limits { background-position: 100% 100%; }
.figure-card__body { position: relative; min-width: 0; padding-left: 64px; }
.figure-card__body h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.figure-card__body p { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
.figure-card__body > i { display: none; }
.figure-icon, .iono-action__icon { display: block; width: 46px; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 50%; background-color: var(--dark); background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; }
.figure-icon { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; }
.figure-icon--series { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-series-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.figure-icon--map { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-map-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.figure-icon--geometry { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-geometry-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.figure-icon--limits { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-limits-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.iono-section--connections { display: grid; gap: 30px; }
.iono-network { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 1607 / 979; min-height: 0; overflow: hidden; background: var(--dark) url("images/ionosphere-network-map-gpt-v2.png?v=20260709b") center / contain no-repeat; }
.network-node { position: absolute; z-index: 2; display: inline-grid; grid-template-columns: 12px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 10px; align-items: center; min-width: 162px; max-width: 36%; padding: 13px 16px; border: 1px solid #657987; background: rgba(3, 9, 22, .86); color: #f0f8ff !important; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.6; text-decoration: none; }
.network-node span { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: currentColor; }
.network-node--center { top: 50%; left: 50%; min-width: 210px; padding: 18px 22px; border-color: var(--accent-light); color: var(--accent-light) !important; font-size: 17px; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); }
.network-node--leo { top: 14%; left: 9%; color: #9dcfff !important; }
.network-node--pc3 { top: 16%; right: 8%; color: #ffaed5 !important; }
.network-node--lower { bottom: 16%; left: 8%; color: #ffd267 !important; }
.network-node--notes { right: 10%; bottom: 14%; color: #cabbff !important; }
.network-node::after { position: absolute; top: 50%; width: 180px; height: 1px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, currentColor, transparent); content: ""; opacity: .38; pointer-events: none; }
.network-node--leo::after { left: 100%; transform: rotate(27deg); transform-origin: left center; }
.network-node--pc3::after { right: 100%; transform: rotate(151deg); transform-origin: right center; }
.network-node--lower::after { left: 100%; transform: rotate(-29deg); transform-origin: left center; }
.network-node--notes::after { right: 100%; transform: rotate(-151deg); transform-origin: right center; }
.network-node--center::after { display: none; }
.network-node:hover { background: var(--dark); }
.iono-action-list { display: grid; }
.lower-reading-main .iono-action { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, .8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr) 28px; align-items: center; gap: 26px; padding: 26px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.iono-action strong { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.6; }
.iono-action small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.9; }
.iono-action i { color: var(--accent-ink); font-size: 25px; font-style: normal; }
.iono-action--notes .iono-action__icon { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-notes-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.iono-action--data .iono-action__icon { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-data-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.iono-action--contact .iono-action__icon { background-image: url("images/ionosphere-icon-contact-gpt-v1.png?v=20260709c"); }
.lower-reading-main .iono-action:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }

/* Root language chooser is generated alongside the bilingual pages. */
.language-gate { display: grid; place-items: center; min-height: 100svh; padding: var(--gutter); }
.gate-panel { max-width: 680px; }
.gate-panel > img { width: 340px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.gate-panel h1 { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 40px; line-height: 1.4; }
.gate-panel p { margin-top: 20px; }
.gate-panel .hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; margin-top: 28px; }

@media (max-width: 1199px) {
  .site-header:not([data-nav-ready]) ~ main .lower-shell-hero { padding-top: 36px; }
  .lower-reading-layout { grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 36px; }
  .lower-reading-rail { padding-right: 16px; }
  .lower-reading-rail a { font-size: 14px; gap: 8px; padding-left: 9px; }
  .lower-shell-nav a { padding-inline: 22px; }
  .lower-shell-nav strong { font-size: 16px; }
  .topic-card { grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px 18px; }
  .topic-card h3 { font-size: 22px; }
  .topic-card p { font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-section--scope { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .iono-altitude-card { min-height: 470px; }
  .lower-reading-main .iono-workflow { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .iono-geometry-panel { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .iono-geometry-list > div { grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .lower-reading-main .iono-action { grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, 1fr) 28px; gap: 12px 22px; }
  .iono-action small { grid-column: 2; }
  .iono-action i { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1 / 3; }
  .iono-action__icon { grid-row: 1 / 3; }
}

@media (max-width: 979px) {
  .lower-reading-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 34px; }
  .lower-reading-rail { position: static; max-height: none; padding: 0 0 24px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); overflow: visible; }
  .lower-reading-rail nav { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 2px 26px; }
  .lower-reading-rail a { font-size: 16px; }
  .lower-reading-rail__label { margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .lower-shell-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(48px, 7.5vw, 72px); }
  .lower-shell-hero h1.is-long-title { font-size: clamp(42px, 6.2vw, 60px); }
  .lower-shell-hero__lead { font-size: 18px; }
  .topic-card { grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .iono-section--scope { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  body.lower-page { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.95; }
  .lower-shell-hero { padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 28px); }
  .breadcrumbs { gap: 5px 9px; margin-bottom: 24px; font-size: 13px; }
  .breadcrumbs ol { gap: 5px 9px; }
  .breadcrumbs li { gap: 9px; }
  .lower-shell-hero__heading { padding-top: 20px; }
  .lower-shell-hero__heading::before { width: 40px; }
  .lower-shell-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(40px, 10vw, 64px); line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: -.045em; text-wrap: initial; }
  .lower-shell-hero h1.is-long-title { font-size: clamp(32px, 8.3vw, 52px); line-height: 1.5; }
  .lower-shell-hero__lead { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.95; }
  .lower-shell-hero__meta { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .09em; }
  .lower-shell-nav { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 24px; margin-top: 28px; padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
  .lower-shell-nav a, .lower-shell-nav a:first-child, .lower-shell-nav a:last-child { gap: 6px 14px; min-height: 98px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 0; }
  .lower-shell-nav span { font-size: 13px; }
  .lower-shell-nav strong { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75; }
  .lower-shell-nav i { font-size: 23px; }
  .content-panel--structured { padding-block: 38px 54px; }
  .lower-reading-layout { gap: 30px; }
  .lower-reading-rail { padding-bottom: 12px; }
  .lower-reading-rail nav { display: flex; gap: 0 16px; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 8px; scrollbar-width: thin; }
  .lower-reading-rail a { flex: 0 0 210px; grid-template-columns: 22px minmax(0, 1fr); min-height: 54px; padding: 9px 0 9px 7px; font-size: 14px; gap: 7px; }
  .lower-reading-rail a span { font-size: 12px; }
  .lower-section, .iono-section { padding-block: 30px 34px; scroll-margin-top: 0; }
  .section-anchor-alias { scroll-margin-top: 0; }
  .lower-section:not(.research-viewpoint):not(.research-fields):not(.lower-section--process):not(.research-related-visual) { grid-template-columns: 26px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; }
  .lower-section__number { padding-top: 5px; font-size: 22px; }
  .lower-reading-main h2 { margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
  .lower-reading-main h3 { font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.6; }
  .lower-reading-main h4 { font-size: 18px; }
  .lower-reading-main p { margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .lower-reading-main ul, .lower-reading-main ol { padding-left: 1.3em; }
  .lower-reading-main blockquote, .callout { padding: 16px 18px; }
  .lower-cta-row { gap: 14px; margin-top: 24px; }
  .lower-page .button { width: 100%; min-height: 56px; padding: 14px 18px; font-size: 15px; }
  .lower-reading-main .link-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin-top: 18px; }
  .link-list a { min-height: 66px; font-size: 16px; }
  .page-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .publication-list li { padding-block: 22px 24px; }
  .publication-list__meta { font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .publication-list h3 { font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.45; }
  .publication-list p { font-size: 14px; }
  .news-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 10px; padding-block: 22px; }
  .news-list__type { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; text-align: right; }
  .news-list h3 { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; font-size: 21px; }
  .news-list p { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 3; font-size: 16px; }
  .news-list p:last-child { grid-row: 4; }
  .company-facts > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 9px; padding-block: 20px; }
  .company-facts dt { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
  .figure-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .figure-gallery figcaption { font-size: 13px; }
  .figure-gallery figcaption strong { font-size: 17px; }
  .lower-section__header { margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .lower-section__kicker { font-size: 12px; }
  .lower-section__header h2::before,
  .research-related-visual h2::before,
  .iono-section h2::before { margin-right: 14px; }
  .topic-card { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-rows: auto auto auto; gap: 14px; padding-block: 24px; }
  .topic-card__media { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 1; }
  .topic-card__media img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }
  .topic-card h3 { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; font-size: 22px; }
  .topic-card h3 a { padding-right: 22px; }
  .topic-card h3 a::after { top: auto; margin-top: 12px; width: 10px; height: 10px; }
  .topic-card p { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; padding-right: 0; font-size: 16px; }
  .process-timeline__item { padding-block: 24px; }
  .process-timeline__item h3 { font-size: 21px; }
  .process-timeline__item p { font-size: 16px; }
  .link-list .related-card { grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr) 22px; gap: 4px 16px; min-height: 110px; padding-block: 20px; }
  .related-card strong { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.65; }
  .related-card small { font-size: 13px; }
  .related-card i { font-size: 23px; }
  .iono-section--scope { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .iono-section__copy p { font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-section__header { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .iono-altitude-card { min-height: 430px; }
  .iono-altitude-axis { top: 30px; bottom: 30px; left: 18px; width: 72px; padding-left: 10px; font-size: 13px; }
  .iono-altitude-layers { inset: 36px 18px 36px 92px; }
  .iono-layer { left: 4%; right: 0; padding: 12px; font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-layer--iono { min-height: 118px; }
  .iono-notice { padding: 18px; }
  .iono-notice p { font-size: 15px; }
  .lower-reading-main .iono-tags { gap: 10px 20px; }
  .iono-tags li { font-size: 13px; }
  .iono-matrix { overflow: visible; }
  .iono-matrix table, .iono-matrix tbody { display: block; min-width: 0; width: 100%; }
  .iono-matrix thead { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; }
  .iono-matrix tbody tr { display: block; padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .iono-matrix tbody th, .iono-matrix tbody td { display: block; border: 0; padding: 0; }
  .iono-matrix tbody th { margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .iono-matrix tbody td:first-of-type { margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.9; }
  .iono-matrix tbody td[data-label] { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 24px; align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding: 8px 0; text-align: left; font-size: 14px; }
  .iono-matrix td[data-label]::before { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; content: attr(data-label); color: var(--muted); }
  .iono-matrix td[data-label] > * { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; justify-self: center; }
  .obs-name { font-size: 18px; }
  .iono-geometry-panel { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; padding-top: 24px; }
  .iono-geometry-visual { min-height: 0; }
  .iono-geometry-list > div { grid-template-columns: 65px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; }
  .iono-geometry-list dt, .iono-geometry-list dd { font-size: 14px; }
  .lower-reading-main .iono-workflow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .iono-workflow__item { grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-rows: auto auto; gap: 18px 20px; padding-top: 20px !important; }
  .iono-workflow__item .process-label { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 1; }
  .iono-workflow__item .workflow-visual { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
  .iono-workflow__item p { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
  .process-label { font-size: 21px; }
  .iono-workflow__item p { font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-figure-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .figure-visual { min-height: 0; }
  .figure-card__body { padding-left: 60px; }
  .figure-card__body p { font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-network { display: grid; gap: 14px; aspect-ratio: auto; min-height: 0; padding: 24px; }
  .network-node, .network-node--center, .network-node--leo, .network-node--pc3, .network-node--lower, .network-node--notes { position: relative; inset: auto; width: 100%; max-width: none; min-width: 0; padding: 14px 16px; font-size: 15px; transform: none; }
  .network-node::after { display: none; }
  .lower-reading-main .iono-action { grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr) 22px; gap: 12px 16px; padding-block: 24px; }
  .iono-action strong { font-size: 19px; }
  .iono-action small { font-size: 15px; }
  .iono-action__icon { width: 42px; }
  .gate-panel h1 { font-size: 32px; }
}

@media (max-width: 359px) {
  .lower-shell-hero h1 { font-size: 36px; }
  .lower-shell-hero h1.is-long-title { font-size: 30px; }
  .lower-shell-nav { gap: 0 18px; }
  .lower-shell-nav a { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 19px; gap: 7px 8px; }
  .lower-reading-main h2 { font-size: 24px; }
  .lower-section:not(.research-viewpoint):not(.research-fields):not(.lower-section--process):not(.research-related-visual) { grid-template-columns: 24px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .publication-list h3 { font-size: 21px; }
  .link-list .related-card { grid-template-columns: 75px minmax(0, 1fr) 18px; gap: 4px 12px; }
  .related-card strong { font-size: 16px; }
  .iono-altitude-layers { right: 12px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .lower-page { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}