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Figures

These conceptual figures explain the scope of ionosphere and upper-atmosphere research, observation geometry, and analysis workflows. They do not show measurements or observations of a particular event.

KNOWLEDGE BASE4 SECTIONS

Published Conceptual Figures

Conceptual altitude layers from the lower atmosphere to the plasmasphere
Ionosphere and atmosphere scopeA conceptual guide to altitude regions and observation targets. It does not represent measurements or the state at a specific time.
Conceptual geometry connecting ground GNSS, satellites, and geomagnetic observations
Observation geometryA conceptual relationship among satellites, ground observations, and GNSS lines of sight. Distances and scale are schematic.
Workflow from data acquisition through quality review and visualization
Analysis workflowAn overview of acquisition, quality review, processing, comparison, and visualization.
World-map concept for combining satellite and ground observation networks
Observation networkA concept for integrating multiple observations, not an authoritative map of active stations or coverage periods.

Read the Accompanying Explanation

For a complex figure, the surrounding text and labels help establish its structure and reading order. The Figure Guide explains checks for axes, legends, and processing conditions.

Reuse and Citation

Before reusing a figure, check its credit and the license of the source data or image. Resizing or cropping for display should preserve its meaning.

Related Pages

See the ionosphere research page for the scope of the research, and the Figure Guide for help examining figures.

Explore Ionosphere ResearchRead the Figure Guide