Start with Axes, Units, and the Legend
Check the axes, units, time reference, and display range. Coordinates and projections matter for maps; frequency ranges matter for spectra. Similar shapes can mean different things under different scales or baselines. The legend should also explain colors, lines, symbols, and blank areas.
Read the Processing Details
Figures may follow smoothing, filtering, differencing, averaging, or aggregation. These steps can emphasize some features and obscure others. Use the caption or related method page to check the source data, interval, stations or region, and processing settings.
Avoid Conclusions from One Figure
Matching time series or overlapping patterns on a map can suggest a relationship. A single figure cannot establish causation, impact extent, or future occurrence. Control figures, external conditions, quality information, data outside the displayed range, and uncertainty also need to be considered.
Research analyses on this site are not disaster or space-weather forecasts or warnings.
Return to the Assumptions When Unsure
Start with the caption and legend, then consult the analysis explanation and processing conditions. When comparing figures, also check whether their versions and comparison conditions match.