Last updated: October 8, 2026
Publication Objective
We aim to help specialist readers examine sources and methods, and general readers understand the scope of a conclusion. Records should also make later corrections or reanalysis clear.
Describing the target, time, coordinates, processing, comparisons, and limitations takes precedence over speed. Unpublished work is not listed as a published output.
Categories of Statement
Direct observations, processing-derived features, physical interpretations, and hypotheses for future testing are written separately. Correlation, coincidence, a similar period, or apparent speed can motivate comparison but does not alone establish causation. The text does not add claims unsupported by the figure and analysis.
Sources and Outputs
Papers are checked against publishers and DOI records; presentations against public programs or abstracts; data against provider and product documentation. Author order, year, title, review state, version, and license are not inferred. Preprints, peer-reviewed papers, conference abstracts, explanatory articles, and original analysis are identified as different kinds of record.
Data and Analysis Record
Where practical, a record identifies the provider, product, version, interval and time basis, stations or spacecraft, coordinate system, quality flags, gaps, preprocessing, filters, parameters, software environment, and outputs. If an input cannot be published, the reason and effect on reproducibility are explained.
Use of Generative AI
We use generative AI as a research aid. Its factual claims, references, and code are checked by people, while researchers remain responsible for scientific interpretation and decisions.
Confidential information and unpublished manuscripts are not entered into external AI services unless the necessary permissions have been obtained and institutional rules allow it. We disclose how generative AI was used in accordance with institutional rules and the requirements of the journal or other publication venue.
Figures and Visualization
Conceptual diagrams, observations, model outputs, and reconstructions are labeled separately. Analytical figures state axes, units, color meaning, interval, processing, comparisons, and credit, and do not rely on color alone. Altitude, cause, or propagation path is not asserted where it cannot be uniquely inferred; plausible alternatives are identified.
Uncertainty and Negative Results
Detection limits, error, bias, gaps, temporal and spatial scope, selection conditions, and model dependence are described when they affect interpretation.
The absence of an expected feature, or an inability to distinguish between explanations, can also be recorded when the question and method are clear and the result has publication value.
Earthquakes, Eruptions, and Space Weather
Pages concerning earthquakes, eruptions, or space weather state that they are not forecasts or warnings. They do not provide the probability of a particular earthquake or eruption, risk assessment, evacuation advice, or operational direction for satellites and communications. Consult the responsible public authority for urgent information.
Review, Collaboration, and Interests
Peer-review status, co-authorship, collaboration, affiliation, funding, acknowledgement, and competing interests are stated from the original record and information approved for release. Authorship, data use, and publication respect collaborators and institutional rules. An unapproved affiliation or relationship is not implied.
Rights, Ethics, and Sensitive Material
Licenses and citation conditions for data, software, images, and papers are reviewed. Personal information, identifiable participant data, confidential research, pre-review manuscripts, contractual secrets, and information restricted for export-control or security reasons are not published. The research owner remains responsible for required ethics review and permission.
Corrections, Versions, and Languages
An error affecting a conclusion, data, method, or right is checked, corrected, and accompanied by a date or description where material.
Japanese and English pages remain linked, and translation does not change the certainty of a claim. When full English detail is not ready, an English abstract links to the Japanese record.
Contact
For a correction, a question about reuse, or collaboration, use the Contact page and provide the URL, relevant passage, and a source that can be checked. Do not place unpublished data or sensitive information in the initial form.